Ancient Rome TimelineBy Dr Dominic Berry
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Period: The Monarchy, 753 BC to 509 BC |
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Political and military events |
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Cultural and other events |
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753 |
Foundation of Rome |
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Iron Age huts on Palatine hill |
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c.600 |
Forum area drained
Earliest Latin inscriptions |
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616-579 |
Tarquinius Priscus |
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579-543 |
Servius Tullius |
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543-509 |
Tarquinius Superbus |
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Capitoline temple built |
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Period: The Republic, 509 BC to 27 BC |
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Political and military events |
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Cultural and other events |
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509 |
Expulsion of the Kings |
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494 |
Plebeians struggle with patricians for rights |
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More temples built |
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450 |
First law code: Twelve Tables |
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390 |
Rome sacked by Gauls |
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378 |
City wall built
Romanisation of Italy |
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338 |
Extension of Roman citizenship |
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312 |
Appian Way built |
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287 |
End of struggle with patricians |
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c.280 |
Coinage begins |
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272 |
Rome wins control of whole of Italy |
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264-241 |
First Punic War (against Carthage): Rome wins Sicily |
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264 |
First gladiatorial games |
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218-201 |
Second Punic War: Hannibal defeated; 206 Spain becomes two Roman provinces |
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214-167 |
Macedonian Wars |
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Hellenisation of Roman society; comedies of Plautus and Terence; poetry of Ennius |
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197-133 |
Wars in Spain |
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149-146 |
Third Punic War: Carthage destroyed, Africa becomes Roman province |
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148 |
Macedonia becomes Roman province |
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133 |
Asia becomes Roman province; land reforms of Tiberius Gracchus |
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123-122 |
Laws of Gaius Gracchus |
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113-101 |
War against Cimbri |
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107-86 |
Seven consulships of Marius; 104 army reforms |
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91-87 |
Social War; Roman citizenship extended to all Italy |
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88-85 |
First Mithridatic War |
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82-81 |
Dictatorship of Sulla: proscriptions, reforms; rise of Pompey |
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73-71 |
Revolt of Spartacus |
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73-63 |
Third Mithridatic War |
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63 |
Consulship of Cicero; conspiracy of Catiline |
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60 |
'First triumvirate' (Pompey, Caesar, Crassus) |
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58-50 |
Caesar conquers Gaul; 55, 54 expeditions to Britain |
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Speeches, treatises and letters of Cicero; poetry of Catullus and Lucretius; histories of Caesar; 55 Pompey's theatre |
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49-45 |
Caesar wins civil war against Pompey and republicans |
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46 |
Caesar's forum |
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44 |
Caesar dictator for life; assassinated |
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43 |
'Second triumvirate' (Antony, Octavian, Lepidus); proscriptions, murder of Cicero |
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c.39 |
Histories of Sallust
Virgil's Eclogues |
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32-31 |
Octavian wins civil war against Mark Antony; 31 Actium |
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30 |
Death of Antony |
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29 |
Virgil's Georgics |
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Period: The Empire, 27 BC to AD 476 |
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Political and military events |
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Cultural and other events |
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27 |
Octavian becomes first emperor Augustus |
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27 |
Agrippa's Pantheon |
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19 |
Virgil's Aeneid; poetry of Horace, Tibullus, Propertius, Ovid; history of Livy |
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16-AD 6 |
Conquest of Danube provinces |
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13 |
Theatre of Marcellus |
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9 |
Ara Pacis Augustae |
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2 |
Augustus' forum |
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AD |
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AD |
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9 |
Varian disaster |
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14 |
Death of Augustus |
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14 |
Augustus' Res Gestae |
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14-37 |
Tiberius |
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Teaching and death of Christ |
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37-41 |
Caligula |
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41-54 |
Claudius |
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43 |
Conquest of Britain |
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54-68 |
Nero |
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Treatises and tragedies of Seneca; poetry of Persius and Lucan; novel of Petronius |
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60-61 |
Boudicca's revolt |
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64 |
Fire of Rome; first persecution of Christians |
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66-70 |
Jewish revolt |
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68-69 |
Galba, Otho, Vitellius |
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69-79 |
Vespasian |
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Histories and treatises of Pliny the Elder |
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79-81 |
Titus |
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79 |
Eruption of Vesuvius |
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80 |
Colosseum |
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81-96 |
Domitian |
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Epigrams of Martial, rhetoric of Quintilian
Histories of Tacitus, letters of Pliny the Younger, satires of Juvenal |
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96-98 |
Nerva |
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98-117 |
Trajan |
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107 |
Conquest of Dacia |
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112 |
Trajan's forum |
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117-138 |
Hadrian |
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122 |
Biographies of Suetonius |
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138-161 |
Antoninus Pius |
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142 |
Hadrian's Wall
Antonine Wall
Novel and oratory of Apuleius; legal writings of Gaius |
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161-180 |
Marcus Aurelius |
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180-192 |
Commodus |
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193-235 |
Severan dynasty |
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212 |
Roman citizenship extended to all free inhabitants of the empire |
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216 |
Baths of Caracalla |
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260 |
Decree of toleration of Christianity |
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271 |
Aurelian's city wall |
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272 |
Dacia ceded to the Goths |
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284-305 |
Diocletian |
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293 |
Tetrarchy established |
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307-337 |
Constantine I |
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312 |
Defeat of Maxentius at Milvian Bridge |
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315 |
Arch of Constantine |
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324 |
Foundation of Constantinople |
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410 |
Britain told to defend itself |
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455 |
Vandals sack Rome |
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476 |
Loss of western Roman empire complete |
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