Discovering Pressure
The Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli (1608-47), assisted by Vincenzo Viviani (1622-1703), made the first barometer in 1643 by supporting a column of mercury inside a glass tube.
He sealed one end of a tube and filled it with mercury, standing it upright in mercury.
Why this Works
Air pressure prevented the mercury flowing out of the tube. The height of the column varies according to the air pressure.
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