Ihindagurika ry'ibihe: Icegeranyo ca IPCC ni 'igabishwa rikomeye ku bantu'
- Na Matt McGrath
- Umunyamakuru w'ibidukikije
Ahavuye isanamu, EPA
Ibikorwa vy'abantu birahindura ibihe nu buryo butari bwigere buba kandi rimwe na rimwe ntasubirwamwo, nk'uko biri mu cegeranyo gikomeye ca ONU.
Ico cigwa gihambaye kigabisha ko haguma hiyongera imipfunda y'ubushuhe ku buryo burenze urugero, uruzuba n'imyuzure, hamwe n'urugero rw'ubushuhe rushobora kurengwa mu myaka itarenga cumi.
Ico cegeranyo kivuga ko kubadanya harekurwa imyuka yongereza ubushuhe bw'ikirere bishobora gutuma ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe kurenga urugero rwategekanywa mu myaka itarenga 10.
Umukuru wa ONU avuga ati ni 'igabishwa rikomeye ku baba kw'isi".
Ariko hari icizere gishasha ko kugabanya cane gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere bishobora gutuma ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe kutabandanya.
Ashingira ku vyasohowe n'abo bahinga, umunyamabanga mukuru wa ONU António Guterres yagize ati:
'Icegeranyo ca mbere ca IPCC n'igabishwa ryo ku rugero rukomeye cane ku baba kw'isi".
"Hamwe twoshira inguvu hamwe ubu nyene, turashobora kwirinda akaga k'ibihe. Ariko nk'uko icegeranyo c'uyu munsi kivyerekana, nta nwanya uhari wo gutevya ibintu canke wo gufata ivy'itwazo . Nizigiye abategetsi b'ama reta n'abandi bose bafise uruhara kuzokora kugira inama ya COP26 ishike ku bintu ngirakamaro."
Nico gikorwa ca mbere gikomeye cane ku bumenyi canke ubuhinga (science) bujanye n'ibihe (climat) kuva mu 2013.
Gisohotse hasigye amezi make ngo habe inama ikomeye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe i Glasgow mu Bongereza izwi nka COP26.
Mu majambo akomeye, ariko y'umutima uri hamwe, ico cegeranyo ca IPCC kivuga kiti "nta kwijijanya imitima ko uruhara rw'umuntu rwashuhije ikirere, amabahari n'ubutaka".
Ku bw'umwigisha Ed Hawkins, wo kuri kaminuza ya Reading mu Bwongerea, akaba ari n'umwe mu banditse ico cegeranyo, abahinga ntibashobora kubivuga neza kurusha aho.
"N'itangazo ry'uko ibintu vyifashe, ntaworusha ngaho kumenya ko tubizi neza, nta kwijijanya imitima kandi nta guharira ko abantu bongereza ubushuhe bw'isi."
Petteri Taalas, umunyamabanga mukuru w'urwego rw'isi rukwirikirana ibihe (World Meteorogical Organisation), yavuze ati: "Nkoresheje amajambo yo mu nkino, umuntu yovuga ko ikirerere bagihaye ivyongereza inguvu (dopage), arivyo bisigura ko ubu dusigaye tubona ibintu vyose birenza urugero kenshi gusumvya uko vyahora."
Abanditse ico cegeranyo bavuga ko kuva mu 1970, ubushuhe bw'isi bwaduze vuba kurusha mu kindi kiringo icarico cose c'imyaka 50 mu myaka 2.000 iheze.
Uko kwiyongera kw'ubushuhe kuja "kumaze kugira ingaruka ku bihe mu ntara iyari yose kw'isi".
Yaba umipfunda y'ubushuhe nk'ubwabaye ubu vuba mu Bugiriki no muri Amerika y'uburengerazuba, canke imyuzure yo mu Budagi no mu Bushinwa, "ko vyegekwa ku ruhara rw'abantu vyagiye birarushiriza kugaragara neza" mu myaka 10 iheze.
Bikuru bikuru mu cegeranyo ca IPCC
- Urugero rw'ubushuhe kw'isi bwari 1,09C (degre Celcius) hejuru mu myaka 10 yo hagati ya 2011 na 2020 gusumba mu myaka yo hagati ya 1850 na 1900.
- Imyaka itatu iheze yabaye iya mbere ishushe cane izwi kuva mu 1850
- Urugero rwa vuba rw'ukuduga kw'inkombe y'amazi y'amabahari rwiyongeye hafi incuro zitatu ugereranije no hagati ya 1901 na 1971
- Uruhara rw'umuntu ''rurashoboka cane" (90%) ko arirwo rutuma gushonga kw'ibishiga vy'amazi kuva mu myaka ya 1990 n'ukugabanuka kw'ibibuye vy'amazi vy'ikiyaga ca Arctic.
- Nta nkeka umuntu agereranije ko ingero zirengeje z'ugushuha harimwo imipfunda y'ubushuhe ubu zishika kenshi kandi zikomeye gusumba kuva mu nmyaka ya 1950 , mu gihe ibihe vyo gukanya cane bisigaye bishika gake kandi bidakomeye cane nk'imbere y'ubu
Ico cegeranyo kandi cerekana mu buryo butomoye ko ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe kwabaye muri iyi myaka kwagize ingaruka k'wisi mu buryo ata kizosubira kuba uko cahora ku biringo vy'ibinjana canke ibimpumbi.
Amabahari azobandanya gushuha kandi agire amazi akarishe gusumba. Ibishiga vy'amazi ku mitumba no mu mpera z'isi bizobandanya gushonga ku myaka myinshyi canke ibinjana.
Umwigisha Hawkins avuga ati "Ingaruka zizokomeza kuba mbi gusumba ku bushushe ubwaribwo bwose buzoba bwiyongeye".
Ahavuye isanamu, Justin Sullivan
Uruzuba muri California rwatumye urugero rw'amazi mu kiyaga Oroville rumanuka aho rutari bwigere rushika
Ku vyerekeye iduga ry'ikombe z'amabahari, abahinga berekanye ingene ingero zishobora kugenda zirangana bivanye n'imyuka izoba yisutse mu kirere.
Ariko ko urugero rw'inkombe yy'amazi y'amabahari rushobora kuduga gushika ku metero zibiri imbere y'uko iki kinjana gihera, , ntawovuga ko bidashoboka. - co kimwe n'urwa metero 5 gushika mu 2150.
Ivyo bishitse, n'ubwo bititezwe cane, vyotuma abantu baharurwa muri za miriyoni baba ku nkengera begamirwa n'imyuzure mu 2100.
Kimwe mu bintu bikomeye biri muri ico cegeranyo n'urugero rwitezwe rwo kwiyongera kw'ubushuhe
n'ico bisgura ku mutekano w'ubuzima bw'abantu.
Ahavuye isanamu, ANDY RAIN
Abantu bari mu myiyerekano yo gusaba ko hagira igikorwa n'abanyaporitike mu gihe haguma hegereza isango ry'inama kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe y'i Glasgow mu kwezi kwa 11
Ibihugu vyose vyo kw'isi vyaremeje amahangiro y'isi mu masezerano yerekeye ibihe ya Paris mu 2015.
Ayo masezerano agamije kugumiza ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe munsi ya 2C muri iki kinjana no kubandanya kurugumiza muri ya 1,5C.
Ico cegeranyo gishasha cerekana ko ufatiye ku bishobora gushika vyose abahinga bize, ayo mahangiro yompi atazoshikwako muri iki kinjana kiretse habaye inguvu zidasanzwe zo kugabanya imyuka ya carbone.
